Estratégias de seleção em Aveia Branca (Avena sativa L.) visando componentes de rendimento

Abstract

The white oat is a cereal of great importance for Brazilian agriculture, with emphasis in some regions where the culture is the fundamental part of productive sistems. Among the inumerable uses of the cereal has been emphasized in the human food. Due to the nutritional characteristics the cereal is qualified as functional food, aiding in the prevention of diseases and its consumption is indicated by several health organs. The genetic breeding programs have the challenge of providing genotypes to the producers and the processing industry with good productive characteristics, together with good nutritional characteristics. In this way each program must define and establish selection strategies that meet its objectives at a low cost and in a short period of time. Among the methods Among the methods of conducting segregating populations, SSD stands out, which among its advantages enables the breeder to maintain the total population variability in advanced generations and the possibility of advancement of more than one generation per year. Like other methods the SSD is run by some programs with changes. These aim to increase the genetic variability of the segregating population by conducting more seeds from an F2 plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate F6 families from two white oat crosses (Albasul x UPF 15 and IAC 7 x UFRGS 19) conducted under the conduction methods: Classic SSD and Modified SSD. The experiment was conducted in the county of Capão do Leão – RS, in the year of 2016. Was evaluated 30 families of each crosses conducted in the classic SSD method and 120 families in each cross conducted in the modified SSD method. It was possible to observed that the modified SSD method provides a greater range between minimum and maximum values for most of the evaluated characters. The Modified SSD method has a greater non-additive effect acting between and within families, negatively affecting heritability in the narrow sense. In the families from the Albasul x UPF 15 cross the selection gains were higher in the families conducted in the SSD method. At the IAC 7 x UFRGS 19 cross the SSD method also obtained superior performance in the selection gains with exception in the characters plant height and grain mass of the main panicle. When the means of the families selected at the selection pressure of 10% and 20% are analyzed, there is a similarity between the two methods of conduction. We highlight the Modified SSD method that encompasses a larger number of genotypes with good agronomic performance and aggregate highlighted performance to various characters of interest. In this way the modifications made in the SSD method were beneficial to the breeding program and allowed the identification of a greater number of transgressive genotypes with the same crosses.