Satisfação com a aparência em escolares de 14 a 19 anos: análise dento-facial, auto-percepção estética e fatores associados

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence satisfaction with dental and facial appearance in a population of adolescents, aged 14 to 19 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 540 middle school students from a private school in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The population responded to a questionnaire containing questions about the dental and facial aesthetic satisfaction and the desire to perform dental treatments. Furthermore, they were asked to perform an imaging test, in which were filmed through a standardization device of the head and light position. A trained team carried out fieldwork. The information collected through the questionnaire and imaging examination were analyzed and organized in a database. In the first article was presented the device developed to optimize and standardize the acquisition of images for clinical studies or population surveys aiming to investigate aesthetic using facial dental analysis, evaluating the stability and accuracy of the videos/pictures taken by the device. In the second article the chisquare test or linear trend and multivariate analyzes were performed using Poisson regression to investigate the factors that influence satisfaction with dental appearance. It was used data from questionnaires of 531 adolescents (response rate = 98.3%) and the prevalence of dissatisfaction with dental appearance of 17.4%. The dissatisfaction with dental appearance was associated with individuals dissatisfied with dental color (PR 2.73 95% CI [1.73; 4:32]), with perception of poorly dental alignment (PR 3.16 95% CI [2.11, 4 72]) and the desire for orthodontic treatment (PR 2.9; 95% CI [1.79, 4.70]). In article 3 addition to the information contained in the questionnaire, a video was used to determine the facial and dental characteristics of each student. A trained examiner considered objective measures of smile. A global analysis of smile measurements was created by adding all clinical parameters together. In addition, an experienced examiner performed a subjective analysis of the smile. The descriptive analysis showed that of the 218 students filmed, 22% were not satisfied with the dental appearance. The Fisher exact test showed that the absence of dental alignment was the only single parameter associated with lower satisfaction with dental appearance (p <0.001). A smile rated less aesthetic acceptance in the global objective analysis and subjective analysis were also associated with dental dissatisfaction among adolescents (p = 0.002). The device proved to be a good way to establish a standard method for achieving conditions to obtain images of face, the smile and the anterior teeth in frontal and lateral view. Most teenagers were satisfied with their dental appearance. The lack of satisfaction was associated with some perceived aesthetic problems (tooth-colored, dental alignment) and orthodontic desire. Lack of proper dental alignment and considered unsatisfactory smile was associated with a high degree of dissatisfaction with smiling appearance .