Doenças e/ou lesões que afetam o sistema nervoso central de caninos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation was to describe the diseases and/or lesions that affect the central nervous system of dogs in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. A retrospective study was made using the database of the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Faculdade de Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas between January 1978 and December 2016. All protocols of necropsy and materials sent to the laboratory were reviewed and 739 cases of dogs with neurological clinical signs were identified. The diagnoses were grouped by etiology. Viral diseases accounted for 54.80% of cases, followed by traumatic lesions with 5.54% of cases. Degenerative/inflammatory lesions corresponded to 3.65% of the cases. Neoplasms and toxic/metabolic lesions represented, respectively, 2.97% and 2.84% of the cases. The bacterial diseases and congenital/hereditary defects obtained the same representatively of 1.90% of the cases. Parasitic diseases corresponded to 0.68% of the cases and the vascular disorders 0.28%. The inconclusive cases accounted for 25.60% of the total. Among the viral diseases, distemper was the main disease diagnosed in dogs in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Distemper was observed in all age groups, but had a higher occurrence in young animals. It was evidenced that between the years of 1978 and 1987 canine rabies was one of the main neurological diseases diagnosed in dogs in the region, but since 1987 no new diagnoses of this disease were made. Two cases of Pug dog encephalitis (ECP) were diagnosed in this study. ECP is a fatal disease occurring in Pug dogs. In Brazil there are few reports of the occurrence of this disease and due to the increase of Pug dogs breed, it was considered important to register and publicize the occurrence of this disease in the State.