Avaliação microbiológica e epidemiológica de causas de condenação e contaminação de carcaças e órgãos durante o abate de Búfalos e Suínos, em frigoríficos de Pelotas e do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) stands out in the production of livestock and meat. However, both the external and internal trade, the food security care must be observed during all stages of production and slaughter of animals. The evaluation of presence of microorganisms in the carcass, organs and their derivatives, on the steps of slaughter, are important for the prevention of diseases and risks to public health. This study aimed to review the literature on the importance of salmonellosis in Brazilian swine production, to perform the isolation of Salmonella in five points from slaughtered pigs in the slaughterhouse in Pelotas, RS, performing the evaluation of the susceptibility of isolates to seven agents antimicrobials, and to conduct an epidemiological analysis of the major causes of condemnation of organs and carcasses of buffaloes during post-mortem inspection of slaughterhouses in RS. For the Salmonella isolation, 200 samples were collected in five points (P) during slaughter of pigs: - anal swab in the syringe (P1) - after scalding and depilation (P2) - internal carcass swab after evisceration (P3) - cecal contents (P4) and, - skin swab after a shower (P5). After isolation, all strains were tested for in vitro resistance to antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, norfloxacin, streptomycin and neomycin. For epidemiological evaluation of the main causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs of buffalo, we performed a retrospective study on the 5,614 slaughter of animals inspected by the techniques as visual examination, palpation and incision of organs, in 19 regional supervision of the Department of Animal Production (DPA) of RS. As results, we obtained 23 (11.5%) Salmonella isolates which were found in P1 (n=3; 7.5%); P2 (n=8; 20%); P3 (n=1; 2.5%); P4 (n=10; 25%); and P5 (n=1; 2.5%). All isolates were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim, 86.95% (n = 20) were resistant to ampicillin, 69.56% (n = 16) to gentamicin, 26.08% (n = 6) to norfloxacin, 65.21% (n = 15) to streptomycin and 17.39% (n = 4) to neomycin. In buffalo slaughter, the main causes of condemnation of organs were kidney and lung congestion (10.44%), followed by nephritis (8.48%). Among infectious and parasitic diseases, the most frequent was the Fasciolosis (6.16%), Hydatid disease (4.11%), Actinobacillosis (0.50%), Cysticercosis (0.43%) and tuberculosis (0.02%). Thus, we conclude that although the slaughter of pigs use prophylactic measures and follow current legislation it is possible to isolate Samonella on the slaughter line, which are resistant to main antibiotics used in humans and animals. Regards buffalo slaughter, we concluded that Cysticercosis and Fasciolosis are the main causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs in the RS, respectively, although other nonspecific causes of condemnation should be considered.