Caracterização morfológica e agronômica de genótipos de feijão- miúdo(Vigna Unguiculata(L.) Walp.) no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Recognized as the main annual legume specie of summer growing, the cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is notable in syndications with high yield potential grasses, improving quality and productivity of pasture. The supply of seeds on the market is insufficient in both quantity and quality in relation to growing demand, and has its origins almost entirely in São José do Norte / RS. The socio-economic importance by Cowpea seeds in this region of the state stems from the fact that provide a second source of income for the small property in the form of seed for forage production, and its trade extends for almost the entire state. For the organization of the productive chain of cowpea seeds is appropriate the description of the four genotypes existent in the region, distinguished by coat color in Peanuts, Black, Bay and Mottled through morphological and agronomic characterization that evaluates the descriptors and determines the Cultivation and Use Value (VCU) for registration and Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) to protect these genotypes. In an attempt to ensure that seed produced in the region remain with unique features that define the material, making quality seed for forage production, especially for the milk producers of Rio Grande do Sul which may represent a new alternative of high economic response through the use of an existing genetic resource and adapted to the region. This study aimed to characterize morphologically and agronomically the Cowpea genotypes occurring in São José do Norte, contributing to the program of seed production in steps of registration and protection of cultivars. For evaluation of morphological and agronomic character were made two experiments. The first experiment was installed in the agricultural year 2007/2008 using the morphological and agronomic character for evaluation in accordance with the requirements for VCU and the second experiment in agricultural year 2008/2009 using the descriptors for evaluation in accordance with the requirements for DUS. The quantitatively and qualitatively morphological and agronomic character were evaluated in the stages of germination, seedling, flowering, ripening, harvest and postharvest. The results of morphological characterization of these genotypes allow to indicate aspects of immediate use (forage and seed production) to farmers and to compare the same region and between differentiated regions the characters of interest, it allowed also to differentiate the four genotypes and four cultivars from the genotypes morphological description indicating that both the VCU Test as DUS Test are fulfilling their role.