Rendimento, qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de soja em resposta a níveis de vigor, distribuição de fertilizante e variáveis climatológicas

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the yield, physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds in response to the level of vigor and fertilizer distribution system, as well as to evaluate the interrelationships between some climatological factors, seed vigor and components The experimental design of the experiments of chapters I and II were randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme, with two cultivation environments (Passo Fundo - RS and Ernestina - RS) x three levels of vigor (high 90%, medium - 70% and low - 60%) x three systems of fertilizer distribution (absence, conventional and transhipment), arranged in four replications. In chapter I the components of the yield as well as the yield of grains were evaluated. for grain yield (RG), Genotype main effects and genotype environment interaction (GGE) was applied. In chapter II Morphological characteristics were evaluated: mass of one thousand seeds, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, viability and vigor, shoot and root length, dry shoot and root mass, and field emergence. The data were subTTMIed to analysis of variance, after the analysis of canonical correlation, where the characters were separated into physiological (group I) and morphological and performance components (Group II) . Subsequently, a predictive model based on Stepwise multiple regression was developed. In chapter I, it was possible to conclude that the level of vigor in association with the fertilizer distribution systems potentiates grain yield, insertion height of the first legume and plant, number of vegetables in the main stem and branches, magnitude of branches and length of soy. It was also concluded that high vigor seeds can provide an absolute increase of 5.6 to 12.5% in grain yield. Through Chapter II it can be concluded that the physiological quality of soybean seeds is affected by the growing environment and level of vigor and influenced by the fertilizer distribution system. The environment composed by Passo Fundo - RS, showed superiority for the production of seeds of greater vigor. In chapter III it can be concluded that the morphological characters are strongly associated with the yield components of the soybean regardless of the level of vigor used. Due to the level of vigor used, the climatic variables influence in a different way the components of soybean yield. From the climatological variables it is possible to predict the morphological characters and the yield components of the soybean.