Zoneamento ambiental do Parque Estadual do Camaquã-RS: subsídios ao plano de manejo

Abstract

The Camaquã State Park is a full-protection conservation unit located between São Lourenço do Sul and Camaquã municipalities, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The park was created by a decree under State Law 23.798 from March 12th 1975, which aims to protect Pacheca’s forests, wetlands, and the Camaquã River intra-lagoon delta. After forty-two years since the issuance of its creation decree, the park’s management plan and land property regularization are found only in official documents, without ever having their implementation performed. The anthropic activity, mainly associated to agricultural practices, has created pressure over the environment, which generates an urgent need for protection since the Park maintains the transitional biodiversity between the Pampa and Atlantic Forest biome, and has a regionally representative intra-lagoon delta of great scenic beauty. Hence, the current work had as an objective the execution of the Camaquã State Park environmental zoning, in order to subsidize this conservation unit’s management plan. The objective was achieved by the integration of spatial information resulting from the preparation of two geomorphology maps, two land cover and land use maps (pertaining the 1964 and 2012 scenarios), and also regional and local compiled data in an environmental diagnosis format. The environmental diagnosis allowed determining the fragility of the physico-environmental elements occurring within the park, as well as to comprehend the regional and local historical occupation process. The geomorphology, land cover and land use maps highlighted predominantly fluvio-lacustrine plain surfaces and sand paleocordons supporting forest land covers, formations under fluvio-lacustrine influence, and agricultural land uses that altered the area’s land cover and geomorphological features. Based on these results, homogeneous units were delineated and spatialized according to the guidelines’ propositions organized by IBAMA (2002) for the planning of conservation units. The following zones were identified, delineated and analyzed: intangible zones, primitive zones, recovery zones, intense use zones and indigenous overlaying zones. The intangible zones are equivalent to 40% of the Park’s total area, showing a positive factor for environmental preservation efforts at a full conservation unit, whereas the recovery zones comprise 34% of the Park’s area, and evidence spatial conflicts between land use practices and the environmental conservation. With very dynamic characteristics, the primitive zones are equivalent to 17% of the Park, and include portions under deltaic front influence, and the Pontal do Vitoriano and Pontal do Quilombo areas that are strongly influenced by the lagoon dynamics. The intense use zone equals to 1% of the Park and includes the Santo Antônio village, while the indigenous overlaying zone is equivalent to 8% of the Park`s area and indicates the overlaying of the Camaquã State Park and the Iguaporã Indigenous Reserve limits.