A formação de um Sistema Agrário Híbrido: estudo de caso sobre as continuidades e rupturas na agricultura familiar de Lajeado/RS

Abstract

This dissertation approach the issue of agrarian systems, considering the configuration of the colonial agrarian system (SAC) and the modern agrarian system (SAM) intent to understand the current spatial organization of family farming in the city of Lajeado/RS. For this purpose, through the method of multiple approach was carried out by a qualitative research a case study in that city. First, literature search was conducted about the formation of colonial agrarian system, from the arrival of German colonist immigrants to Brazil, specifically in Rio Grande do Sul, and the resulting spatial distribution process associated with political, social and economic factors. Thus, the conformation of the colonial agrarian system combined techniques and practices used in the pre-existing farming systems, brought to the knowledge and customs of Germany. The theme of agricultural modernization was analyzed from the elements introduced by the changes in the technical base. Intending to answer what are the elements that persist even with the advance of modernization of agriculture and how the agrarian system is organized today in Lajeado/RS, it sought to understand the socio-cultural elements, production, technical and relations with the state present in the studied properties. Interviews based on a semi structured script in 10 rural properties were conducted. After there was the tabulation of data and information collected in the field, confronting them with the theoretical basis adopted in the survey.It was identified that actually researched the stays associated to colonial agrarian system are identified mainly in the socio-cultural dimension, through the reproduction of knowledge and traditions, such as the use of the German language, know-how in cooking, domestic handicrafts and supplies of food from the polyculture intended for own consumption. The technical handling of crops and animal production, inherited from ancestors, also are present in the local reality. Furthermore, the centrality of the family and the ownership of land, linked to the heritage process is markedly an element of continuity to the organization of family farming. In relation to agricultural modernization of the elements that characterize the breaks in relation to the colonial past, the emphasis falls in technical aspects and production, such as machinery absorption, innovations in planting techniques in soil preparation, harvesting and using biochemical inputs (fertilizers, seeds, etc ...) that are present in most of the surveyed properties. The relations with the State intensified through the wide access to the properties had to rural credit and technical assistance. Finally, the agrarian system on the family farming in Lajeado can be understood from the combination of elements of the colonial agrarian system and modern agrarian system, with the result continuities and ruptures expressed in so-called hybrid agrarian system (SAH).