Giardiose humana e bovina na bacia leiteira do município do Capão do Leão,RS

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and risk factors for G. lamblia infection in calves up to 12 months of age and children up to 12 years old in 30 dairy farms of Municipality from Capão do Leão,RS,as well as to compare analytically three diagnostic methods.Fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from 148 calves and 22 children.Feces were examined for the presence of G.lamblia by using two conventional tests of microscopic examination as Faust and Ritchie and a commercially available immunoenzymatic assay (RIDASCREEN ® Giárdia,R- Biopharm AG)to detect G.lamblia specific coproantigen.Data describing herd management practices,age,gender,breed and fecal consistency were gathered to assess potential risk factors associated with shedding.The overall prevalence for G. lamblia was 70.0%to the farms;23.6%to the calves and 13.6%to the children. Calves that were 1 4 months of age were 13.87 (95%CI,2.48 296.38;=0.001) times more likely to be shedding G.lamblia than calves with more than 4 months of age.Farms that were the waste water to less than 40 m to the well,were 3.38 (95% CI,1.15 9.86;P =0.01)times more likely to be calves with G.lamblia than farms that were the waste water to more than 40 m to the well.Farms that were the waste water in a more elevated plane that the well,were 2.35 (95%CI;1.08 5.24;=0.02) times more likely to be calves with G.lamblia than farms with waste water in a inferior plane to the well.The others parasites found in calves were Eimeria 83.1%;Strongylus 64.9%;Moniezia 10,8%,Toxocara 4.7%and Trichuris 2.0%.In children,only Entamoeba coli 18.2%and Endolimax nana 4.5%.Based on the results of these three tests,using ELISA as gold standard,analysis indicated that in calves,Faust Sensitivity (Se) 65.5%,Specifcity (Sp)95,0%;Predictive positive value (Ppv)76.0%;Predictive negative value (Pnv)91.9%;Accuracy (A)89.2%and a substantial Kappa (K) coefficient of correlation of 0.638.The Ritchie s technique was:(Se=48.3%, Sp=100,0%;Ppv=100.0%;Pnv=88.8%;A=89.9%)and a moderated K coefficient of correlation of 0.60.If accepted the positives results to Faust and/or Ritchie: (Se=72.4%;Sp=95.0%;Ppv=77.8%;Pnv=93.4%;A=90.5%)and a substantial K coefficient of correlation of 0.691.It was conclude in this study that the use of in parallel tests,increased the sensibility in detection of G.lamblia and If consideration is to be given to reducing the risk of infection with this parasite,management must be a top priority,especially in water quality,waste water careful with appropriated localization and health practices with younger animals and children