Conservação-restauração e transdisciplinaridade: uma análise a partir do arco gradativo do conhecimento

Abstract

The general purpose of this dissertation was to analyze how the field of conservation-restoration can relate to disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary epistemology in the gradual arc of knowledge. The methodology was based on the historiography of the dialectic of duration, on the theoretical-conceptual basis of transdisciplinarity and on the comparative analysis of discourses. A focus of the gradual arc of knowledge made it possible to identify the existence of periods in which the epistemological approaches of conservation-restoration had pre-disciplinary and disciplinary features until the intention of integration and interaction among forms of knowledge emerged, entailing pluri and interdisciplinary approaches. The predisciplinary period of conservation-restoration can be characterized between the Renaissance and the emergence of positivism, with restorations carried out by artists, the formation of collections, the studies of antiquarians, the research of connoisseurs and the cataloging and protection of objects against the vandalism of revolutions. The disciplinary period of conservation-restoration can be characterized by the separation of conservation and restoration, with classical theories and the techniques of chemistry and physics not yet fully integrated into the activity. The multidisciplinary, pluridisciplinary and interdisciplinary period is considered when the field of conservation-restoration develops as a discipline at the intersection of different forms of knowledge from various natural, exact, human and other sciences, also as a result of the challenges posed by civil and world wars. In the transdisciplinary period, conservation and restoration became effectively complementary, and the spelling of the term "conservation-restoration" with a hyphen began to be encouraged. This period seeks to overcome the dialogue restricted to scientists to include in preservation projects of cultural goods the people involved with the object, including the narratives marginalized by modern science, such as culture, tradition, the symbolic, feelings, emotion, poetry, art, the mythical, the magical, the spiritual and others. The transdisciplinary period also sees the emergence, at least in discourse, of consideration of sustainable development of life on the planet.