“¿Giro a la derecha en uruguay?”: investigando o discurso da direita uruguaia nas eleições à presidência em 2019

Abstract

That thesis is an investigation into the trajectory of right-wing parties in Uruguay, in the 2019 presidential elections, with the purpose of answering whether or not there was the formation of a new right in the country, in that context that ended the 15 years and government of a left-wing party (Frente Ampla). Such research was carried out with an essentially qualitative methodology, based on the content analysis of the government plans of the National, Colorado and Cabildo Abierto parties, since they obtained, respectively, the highest numbers of votes from the right, and the proposal document of the Coalition Multicolor, who formed for the second round. In order to contextualize the material in the documents, a historical and documentary investigation was also carried out on the trajectory of its candidates and their party formation. In addition, at first, a contextualization was elaborated regarding the concepts in Political Science of the democratic crisis, the new rights that arise with it, in different parts of the world, and the socioeconomic indexes of Uruguay at the time of the elections. The second moment of the research was also dedicated, in addition to the trajectory of the parties, o the political trajectory of Uruguay, to the characteristics of its electoral and party systems and to the elements of its democratic stability, which makes it stand out in the region. These elements were analyzed by the theoretical framework of Discourse Theory by Ernesto Laclau and Chantall Mouffe, post-structuralist and focuses on the analysis of social scenarios from the articulation of different discourses. The final results showed that there was not a new Uruguayan right, but the dispute between the same ideological blocks: center-left and center-right. The right-wing parties articulated under the hegemonic discourse of the continuation of social policies, the defense of Human Rights and the privatization of state-owned companies, reflecting the strong historical tendency of Uruguayan democratic stability.