O povo do lulismo: análise do discurso político do presidente Lula no período de 2002 à 2010

Abstract

The objective of this research was to demonstrate how the construction of the people of Lulism took place, in the speeches of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, during his two governments at the head of the Federal Executive (2002-2010) as president of the Federative Republic of Brazil. This is a qualitative, documentary, and bibliographic research, in which we understand the essence of Lulism, stigmatized by a meaning, often hostile, but which reached the people to give meaning to the speeches, especially about the themes: economics, international relations, and public policies, more specifically, on the demands of education, health, and public safety. In this sense, for discourse analysis, it has been recurrent to relate populist theory, as well as theoretical and methodological aspects of Ernesto Laclau's Discourse Theory (2013). From the main categories of analysis: discourse, people, and representation, we discursively approach how President Lula built and who the people are, in these years of official speeches. The empirical material that supports the research comes from the pronouncements of the President of the Republic, made available by the Library of the Presidency of Brazil, in which we selected the universe of analysis and the clippings for this doctoral thesis. The research highlights the discursive strategy and the major categories of analysis extracted from the work A Razão Populista (2013), in line with the theoretical studies of post-structuralism, in which Laclau constructs the founding concepts of his theory. Above all, the hypothesis that guides this thesis consists of the assertion that President Lula referred to his people for a marked ideological differentiation, humanizing, in defense of economic and social development, which became the hallmark of Lulismo as a political phenomenon of the Brazilian left.