Casuística das alterações anatomopatológicas hepáticas em cães do SOVET-Patologia/UFPel

Abstract

Liver diseases can be primary from the liver or secondary caused by its double circulation and due to contact with substances or pathogen agents carried by the bloodstream. The evidence for hepatic diseases is usually followed by necrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, atypical mononuclear infiltrate, or a mix of inflammatory cells, as well as different degrees of advanced ductular and fibrosis. The current study aimed to show anatomopathological changes related to the dog’s hepatic system from samples evaluated by the Veterinary Oncology Service of the Federal University of Pelotas between 2019 and 2022. The protocols for forwarding materials from necropsies and biopsies of dogs sent for diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively and prospectively, from which the diagnoses of liver alterations and data regarding sex, breed and age were extracted. This dissertation consists of three articles; the first on casuistry of considering their origins, the liver disorders were classified as primary or secondary while considering their etiology the disorder has been classified as congenital, degenerative/necrotic, circulatory, inflammatory, fibrotic, or neoplastic. The study also aimed to report four relative cases. Amongst these, one was a portosystemic shunt, and three others regarding copper-associated hepatitis. From a total of 1395 cases diagnosed during the target period, we identified 63 caused by liver disorders, from which 41 were identified in necropsies and 20 in biopsies, and necrotic and degenerative alterations were the most prevalent in both. The second article reports an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with hepatic microvascular dysplasia, in a female Boxer dog, approximately one year old, confirmed by means of necropsy, where it was possible to visualize the macroscopic lesions compatible with shunt. The third article discusses the pathological anatomy of copper-associated hepatitis with a diffuse acinar distribution pattern in three dogs. Microscopic changes in hepatocytes and in some bile canaliculi consisted of yellowish brown or reddish refractive pigment arranged in a diffuse manner, evidencing the presence of intracytoplasmic copper. Anatomopathological studies generate a lot of useful information and help to understand the pathogenesis of many diseases. Being aware of the local casuistry is a way of being attentive to the most prevalent differential diagnoses.