A restauração participativa como metodologia de preservação do patrimônio cultural: um estudo relacional entre Brasil e França

Abstract

This thesis seeks to reframe the notion of restoration by presenting the concept of participatory restoration as a methodology for preserving cultural heritage, through a relational study between the contexts of Brazil and France. This research originates from several gaps that permeate around social participation. Participating in the heritage field means being integrated, taking part and sharing, whether ideas, experiences, know-how or intentions, in favor of a main objective: the safeguarding of cultural heritage for this generation and for the next. Participatory practices are generally encouraged through participatory policies that provide meetings, conferences and direct contact between managers and the interested public, that is, a sharing of ideas. Through practical examples, we seek to identify different parameters, modalities and participatory categories. For the development of these analyses, the historical method was used as a methodology, which conducted this research in order to understand all the actions that occurred in the past, and the main instrument of analysis was the conduction of interviews with the key actors, who directed their participations in each object of study. All information collected from oral sources was crossed with the documents and bibliographies used. As a result, it was possible to assign at least six categories of participatory restoration, namely, in Brazil: provoked participatory restoration — at Square of Alfândega (Porto Alegre/Brazil); voluntary participatory restoration — the Old Church of São Miguel (Dois Irmãos/Brazil), and the Old Military School (Rio Pardo/Brazil); fact participatory restoration — Terreiro Omo Ilê Agboulá (Itaparica/Brazil). In France, it was possible to observe: granted participatory restoration — International City of Gastronomy and Wine (Dijon/France); participatory restoration by patronage — painting “La Descente de Croix” (Gissey-sousFlavigny/France), and statue “Saint-Jean” (Saint-Omer/France); networked participatory restoration — at Castle Pontus de Tyard (Bissey-sur-Fley/France). Through the developed analyses, it was possible for the participants categorized by group of interested parties or stakeholders to be identified by agent (generally the public power), the technical framework , the investor, the local community and the community in general. In this way, all participatory actions, in short, were observed in the different stages of restoration, permeating between research and identification, prior consultation or pre-project, project preparation, the search for financing, participation in the restoration intervention and, finally, in the post-restoration. With regard to motivations, it was possible to identify at least five indicators that boosted 13 social participation, namely: context and territory — political, social and economic; the recognition of heritage — cultural significance; affective connections — patrimonial emotion, memories (social, individual and collective), identity and social cohesion; projected values (individual and collective); post-restoration (function, use, and return). Finally, through the collected data, we seek to present participatory restoration as a heritage preservation methodology in order to guide managers, associations and institutions in order to make restoration processes inclusive, as far as possible.