Levantamento sobre Produção de Biogás em Aterros Sanitários no Brasil entre os anos de 2012 e 2022 a partir de Pesquisa Bibliométrica e Estimativa de Potencial Energético do setor no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Urban solid waste is today one of the main problems to be faced, especially in large urban centers. The circular economy consists of a positive and continuous development cycle that preserves and values natural capital, optimizing the production of resources and minimizing risks, through the management of finite inventories and renewable flows. Most sanitary landfills have been used for the final disposal of urban solid waste, but these have increasingly been a source of energy generation since urban solid waste sanitary landfills contribute significantly to the emission of methane gas (CH4). The objective of this work was to analyze, from a bibliometric review, using mental maps generated by the VOSviewer software, the data used were collected from the Scopus database, on biogas production in landfills in Brazil during the last decade, in addition, it was estimating the potential for production of electricity, as well as the sale of carbon credits, from the generation of biogas from MSW from landfills in the region, aiming to boost the energy transition and circular economy in the sector.The energy potentials were calculated from SNIS data, from the five most populous cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, of which Porto Alegre had the highest methane generation potential, equal to 22,700 tCH4/year, representing 57% of the generation of the municipalities, followed by Caxias do Sul with the generation of 5,230 tCH4/year, representing 13% of the total generation of the municipalities. Canoas had the third highest potential of 4,700 tCH4/year, representing 12% of state production, followed by Pelotas and Gravataí with a generation of 3,830 and 3,500 tCH4/year, respectively. As for electricity generation, the state had a potential of 5.03 E+08 kWh/year, while the potential of the municipalities together was estimated at 1.49E+08 kWh/year, corresponding to 30% of the total potential from RS. Finally, the estimated value that could be obtained from the sales of carbon credits was 53.7 million euros per year, approximately 4.48 million euros per month for Porto Alegre, equivalent to 292.66 million Real per year. The municipality of Caxias do Sul could receive approximately BRL 68.67 million per year (EUR 12.6 million/year), followed by Canoas, collecting around EUR 11.1 million/year (R$60.5 million/year ), while the municipalities of Pelotas and Gravataí could obtain around 9.05 and 8.27 million euros per year, respectively.