Conhecimento de mulheres sobre a imunização gestacional e infantil

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the knowledge of women regarding vaccines received in the gestation and the first year of the child's life. Qualitative, descriptive research performed in a Basic Health Unit of the municipality of Sinop-MT. Twenty-four women with a child less than one year old who received at least one vaccine dose from the pregnant or infants' calendar respectively, recommended by PNI / MS, participated in this study. The norms of Resolution nº. 466/12 of the National Health Council - Ministry of Health were observed, and the research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas, with Opinion nº. 1.892.576 and CAAE 63197416.9 .0000.5317. Data were collected from January to March 2017, through a semi-structured interview and simple observation and analyzed according to Bardin content analysis. The results showed three themes: Women's understanding of vaccination; (Des) knowledge about the relationship between the vaccine and the disease it prevents and guidelines received or not by women on vaccines. Regarding women's knowledge about gestational and childhood vaccination, it is evident that women recognize the importance of vaccination actions and relate vaccines to the prevention and protection of diseases. It is also observed that there are weaknesses and doubts, mainly about post-vaccinal adverse events; women are unable to relate the vaccine received with preventable diseases, that the health education process developed by health professionals is limited to guidelines on the technical procedure of vaccination and post-vaccination care. On the other hand, there are gaps in the role of women in the search for knowledge about vaccination, even in the face of women's access to information related to the vaccination process. It is concluded that health professionals need to develop a reflexive critical ability about the work process that involves vaccination actions, as well as to be sure about women's understanding of vaccines. It is believed that health education can qualify vaccination activities and help in the reception and clarification of women's doubts regarding gestational and child vaccination, as well as contribute to the empowerment of women on the subject studied.