Mulheres negras e ações afirmativas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia (PPGANT), UFPEL/RS

Abstract

In this anthropological research, of an ethnographic nature, I present the narratives of six black women, students of the Postgraduate Program in Anthropology (PPGAnt) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), who, at different times, entered in the Marter’s and/or Doctorate and through affirmative action. The general objective of the research, of this mater’s thesis, was to investigate, analyze and understand, through narratives, the ways in which racism could or could not be harming the adhesion and retention of black students in the Postgraduate Program in Anthropology /PPGAnt. For implementation the proposals, I started with specific objectives, that is, of the following: examining, in the historical context, the factors that led countries to create affirmative action policies; demonstrate the problems that led to the creation of Affirmative Action Policies, especially the Quota Law in Brazil; verify the procedures that were adopted in the Postgraduate Program in Anthropology for the implementation of Affirmative Actions, Quota Policies, in the access and retention of blacks students, and, finally, analyze, through anthropological theories and through black theorists, what was experienced and felt by PPGAnt quota students – women who followed a training itinerary in recently democratized spaces. As part of this collective, as a black woman student, also enrolled in these policies in the Marter’s degree of the aforementioned Program, I bring my autoethnography profiling professional, training and personal paths that, in a certain way, intertwine, legitimizing inequalites and social needs, which led to the need to create public affirmative action policies for acess to Higher Education and in order to enable social equity. To understand these policies, I detail the historical aspects of affirmative actions, making a brief presentation of the history of some countries, pioneers in implementing them. In the sequence, I present the movements in Brazil, as well as, for a greater understanding of the brazilian trajectory, will make a chronological mapping of the events. Furthermore, I expose the meanings of the concepts used for the enslavement and submission of black people, the social struggles of black movements and an itinerary built under the prism of a false racial democracy. Furthermore, I speak of the coalition of the Unified Black Movement and the Zumbi March of the Palmares until Brasilia, which culminated in a social change in favor of positive actions, with its peak in the post seminar deliberations at UNB and the meeting of countries at the Durban Conference in 2021. Based on this explanation, I highlight the laws created during the governmente of Dilma Rousseff President, of the Workers’ Party (PT), with the aim of democratizing access to higher education and following the standardization of actions for Postgraduate Programs. At this moment, I direct my attention to PPGAnt and UFPel, bringing a list of data, the result of documentary research, in an also quantitative approach with partial collection of information, to elucidate the trajectory of the group of black students, who entered since the adoption of the policies in 2014 until 2023. The objective was to understand the procedures adopted in the program, through the narratives of the interlocutors, who experienced the process in this space, to understand the modus operandi of the relationships established.