Efeitos cardiometabólicos e funcionais de um programa de exercícios físicos supervisionado remotamente em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 (Remotely Supervised Exercise Program in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes-RED): Um Ensaio Clínico Randomizado

Abstract

The objective of this dissertation was to verify the effects of a remotely supervised physical exercise program on cardiometabolic and functional outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). Participants were randomized and allocated to the Intervention (IG) and Control (CG) groups. The GI participated in 12 weeks of home exercises with remote supervision via video call via WhatsApp. The CG received recommendations for physical activity. The exercise program consisted of combined training (strength and aerobic exercises), with a frequency of two sessions in the first six weeks, and three sessions in the remaining weeks, the total duration of the sessions were between 37 and 57 min over the 12 weeks. Participants were evaluated at baseline week 0, in which a home visit was carried out to collect data to characterize the sample, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, capillary blood glucose, functional capacity tests and apply the questionnaire related to eating habits. On a second day of assessments, participants underwent a blood sample to assess HbA1c levels in a laboratory. Subsequently, an online questionnaire was administered to assess the participants' level of physical activity. Additionally, acute blood glucose measurements were collected before and immediately after the exercise sessions performed at the beginning of mesocycles 1, 2 and 4. In week 13, all assessments were performed again. Data analysis was performed using Generalized Estimating Equations and Bonferroni post-hoc (α=0.05). 33 individuals participated in the study (27 women, 6 men aged 55.82±10.09 years). Acutely, a reduction in glycemic values was observed from before to immediately after in all mesocycles (p=0.009). The GI showed an improvement in performance in the 30-s chair stand (p<0.001), Arm Curl (p<0.001) and TUG tests at usual speed (p=0.010).CG decreased performance in the Arm Curl (p=0.001) and 2-minute step test (p=0.008). It can be concluded that a remotely supervised home exercise program improves the functionality of individuals with T2DM and can reduce glycemic levels acutely.