Trajetória do excesso de peso e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adultos jovens

Abstract

Overweight is a condition associated with increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Systematic review showed that the BMI in childhood, combined with overweight in adulthood is associated with increased risk of hypertension indicating that the weight gain during the course of the life increases the risk of hypertension. Another review showed that the effect of childhood overweight to adulthood is moderated by overweight / obesity in youth. Most studies considered only two time points and were performed only in high-income countries. In this context, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the association of overweight throughout the life cycle and body composition and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. the data of the accompaniments were used at 2, 4, 18, 19, 23 and 30, the cohort of live births in Pelotas, in 1982. In 2012-13, all participants in the Pelotas birth cohort from 1982 were contacted, of whom 3701 were evaluated. Data on weight, height, body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid profile were collected at 30 years. For this thesis, three scientific publications have been prepared. Firstly, it was elaborated an article in order to evaluate the association between excess weight in the life cycle and body composition in adulthood. Participants who were overweight or obese only in childhood showed similar body composition to those who never were overweight or obese. Furthermore, participants who had always overweight / obesity lifelong had the highest body fat values. We conducted a systematic review looking for evidence on the association between excess weight during the life cycle and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood and with the data from this cohort a study was conducted addressing the same issue of the review. The study showed that the participants who were overweight or obese only in childhood blood pressure was similar to those who never were overweight or obese. On the other hand, participants who have always been overweight / obese throughout their lives had the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose at random and lower HDL cholesterol in adulthood. On the other hand, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with the current body mass index, regardless of what was observed at earlier ages. Furthermore, it was observed that maintenance of excess weight over the life is associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular metabolic profile, and this association is mediated by fat mass in adulthood. These results suggest that presenting overweight in childhood does not necessarily mean being designed to present metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood, and reinforce the importance of interventions to reverse childhood obesity.