Aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos dos osteossarcomas

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the main malignant tumor of bones. It affects, in its majority, dogs of large to giant size and of defined breed. This cancer, quite aggressive and of rapid evolution, causes metastases as early as the appearance of its clinical signs, which include: increase in volume, pain, altered ambulation and pathological fractures may occur. The survival rate of dogs with OSA is reduced, which raises the need for studies. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the predisposing factors for the development and survival of dogs with osteosarcoma followed by the Veterinary Oncology Service of the Federal University of Pelotas (SOVet-UFPel). The product of this dissertation was the article entitled "Evaluation of predisposing factors for osteosarcomas in dogs". We analyzed 47 dogs from the south of Rio Grande do Sul between January 2016 and December 2022 through a retrospective study of the database. In addition to gathering information about each dog about its characteristics such as size, breed, score and body condition, gender, reproductive status, age, site of involvement and type of osteosarcoma. There was a reassessment of histological slides of the respective cases and interviews with tutors in order to monitor the quality of survival, clinical signs, to know the age at castration and, in cases of death, the survival time. The prevalence of OSA was higher in males, whole, with defined race and large size with score and ideal condition with a mean of 10 years. Osteosarcomas of the appendicular skeleton and productive osteoblastic were the most common, followed by chondroblastic and fibroblastic osteosarcomas. Neutered and overfed dogs had a better prognosis. The animals studied had an average survival time of nine months. Thus, the data obtained are prosperous in relation to prognostic studies, since they encompass characteristics beyond those ordinarily studied and provide materials that allow comparisons, inquiries and more studies in relation to canine osteosarcoma.