Estudo retrospectivo das doenças de aves silvestres e exóticas na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2012 a 2022

Abstract

This dissertation is a retrospective study of diseases of wild and exotic birds diagnosed at the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Veterinary Faculty of the Federal University of Pelotas (LRD/FV/UFPel), over a period of 10 years. To develop this work, a survey was carried out on the necropsy protocols of diseases diagnosed in these species in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, between the years 2012 and 2022. In total, 662 necropsy reports of wild and exotic birds were recorded, referring to to 21 orders, the main ones being Passeriformes (46.5%) and Psittaciformes (12.4%). The work demonstrated that during the period, infectious diseases represented the highest percentage of diagnoses carried out by the laboratory, totaling 22.5%, followed by diseases of multifactorial etiology (16.9%) and traumatic (13.9%). Of the infectious diseases, the highest percentage obtained were diseases of bacterial etiology, followed by fungal diseases and viral diseases. The main diagnoses found were uncategorized bacterial sepsis and aspergillosis. Based on the evaluated data, an article was developed on the occurrence of Aspergillosis in wild birds, due to the relevance of this disease for medicine and conservation of wild birds, highlighting the important aspects of the disease. Likewise, the first record of Fatty and Hemorrhagic Liver Syndrome (SFGH) in domestic canaries (Serinus canaria) in Brazil was presented, which occurred in Pelotas/RS, where an outbreak was observed in five birds from the same flock. This work allowed us to conclude that the most prevalent diseases in wild and exotic birds during the period were mainly infectious, multifactorial and traumatic, with emphasis on those of bacterial and fungal origin. Avian Aspergillosis and pathologies associated with Escherichia coli were the most relevant to veterinary medicine, representing the highest percentage in the study. Furthermore, metabolic and nutritional diseases, such as Fatty and Hemorrhagic Liver Syndrome, have been identified as important in the breeding of birds in captivity, especially in Belgian Canaries in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul.