Avaliação intergeracional do peso ao nascer e composição corporal na Coorte de Nascimentos de 1993, Pelotas/RS

Abstract

In the last four decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, being considered a public health problem at a global level. The association of adiposity between parents and children involves genetic predisposition, parental nutritional status and factors associated with the shared environment, considering the environment especially affects those individuals predisposed to overweight and obesity. Studies suggest that parental body measurements are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in children from childhood to adulthood. In addition, the parents' birth weight has been considered as an anthropometric indicator that predicts the offspring's birth weight. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aimed to evaluate the intergenerational transmission of birth weight and body composition through longitudinal data from the 1993 Birth Cohort of Pelotas/RS. The first article of the thesis comprised a systematic review of the literature on the association between birth weight between two generations, a meta-analysis was also performed to assess the difference in mean birth weight and quantify the association of low birth weight between generations. generations. Through this review, it was possible to verify that despite the increase in mean birth weight between generations, no statistically significant association was observed. However, it was observed that children of parents with low birth weight were more likely to have low birth weight. The second article of the thesis investigated the association between the birth weight of the parents and the birth weight of the children, also testing the mediation by height and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the parents at 11 years of age. A total of 860 pairs of parents and children were evaluated, with the majority of the sample consisting of women in the cohort who were mothers at 22 years of age. Increases in mean birth weight were observed between the two generations. It was also observed that mothers who were born with low birth weight were more likely to have children with low birth weight and these relationships were not mediated by BMI or height in early adolescence. In this sense, the findings suggest that the mothers' anthropometric indicators can influence the birth weight of their offspring. and describes these trajectories according to sex and sociodemographic characteristics. The third article examined adiposity trajectories, through BMI and body fat percentage (%BF) from 11 to 22 years old, and describes these trajectories according to gender and sociodemographic characteristics. Four trajectories were presented for BMI and %BF and maternal excess weight was the variable that was associated with all BMI and %BF trajectories for men and women. As a conclusion of the thesis, the results found provide evidence on the influence of body measurements between generations, including the intergenerational transmission of birth weight and the relationship between maternal excess weight and BMI and %BF trajectories from early adolescence to adolescence. early adulthood.