Efeitos do ciclo menstrual no desempenho físico e no bem-estar de atletas amadoras de rugby

Abstract

In recent years, female participation in sports has grown significantly, highlighting the importance of understanding how physiological factors, such as the menstrual cycle, influence athletes' performance. Studies suggest that hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can affect physical performance and well-being, but data on contact sports like rugby are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the menstrual cycle on the physical performance and well-being of amateur rugby athletes. Fifteen female rugby athletes were evaluated in two distinct phases of the menstrual cycle: the menstrual phase (up to the third day of the cycle) and the non-menstrual phase (twentieth day of the cycle). Participants underwent thoracolumbar dynamometry tests, multiple jumps, the Multiple 5 test, and assessed their subjective perception of effort (SPE) and well-being. Isometric strength was slightly lower during the menstrual phase (p=0.026), while well-being was significantly higher in the non-menstrual phase (p=0.014). No significant differences were found in anaerobic capacity and subjective perception of effort between the phases. However, the results indicated considerable individual variations. Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle affect the physical performance and psychological well-being of rugby athletes. A personalized approach in training planning and health management can maximize performance and well-being by considering the different phases of the menstrual cycle.