Processo de trabalho de enfermeiros nas equipes multiprofissionais de atenção domiciliar

Abstract

Multiprofessional teams are desirable in the health context to provide comprehensive care for individuals. From this point of view, the Best at Home Program came into being in 2011, structuring itself with this modality of teams. Although the program is recent, it came with the objective of reorienting hegemonic models of attention and management in health and of thinking and acting in the logic of multiprofessional teamwork looking for care practices that seek to contemplate the human being and its health needs in an extended way . This model of multiprofessional teamwork proposed by Home Care has questioned the relevance and value of the multiple health professions, since the physician, for example, would not be able to contemplate the multiple health needs of the person . Thus, it is expected from the team an interprofessional practice, that is, in which both professionals interact with each other, sharing their experiences, their knowledge and doing. In this sense, among these professionals, nurses have been gaining prominence in this team, given their ability to influence colleagues in a more interactive process and to organize the work process. In view of this, the present research had as general objective to know the process of work of nurses in the Multiprofessional Teams of Home Care. It was a qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory, based on the Marxist referential, which was performed with 27 professionals from the multiprofessional team of the Home Care Service of the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Of these, six physicians, six nurses, six nursing technicians, three nursing assistants, two social workers represented the six Multiprofessional Home Care Teams, and a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a nutritionist and an occupational therapist represented the Multiprofessional Support Team. The research was carried out from June to August of 2018, in two moments: in the first stage, 80 hours were observed, not participating in the work routine of the participants, 12 hours in each team, and in the second stage semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed by Minayo's operational proposal. The results revealed that the use of relational care technologies predominates, with the help of instruments such as the Unique Therapeutic Project for the planning of care actions and the team meetings to discuss this project. In addition, clarity in the purpose of the work, caring for the patient and the family, was a positive repercussion factor for professionals to work in close proximity to the interprofessional, which had as one of its pillars interaction and communication among professionals and integration of care actions. Also the professional nurse was listed as a reference for the team, assuming in many aspects the coordination of the group and the organization of the service. However, there is no formality about this position of the nurse in the team. These results may be relevant to affirm the benefits of multiprofessional teams in health care, the influence of the nurse in the team interaction process and the repercussion of this interprofessional practice in the integrality of health care to the users of the Home Care Service investigated.