Processo de trabalho dos docentes-pesquisadores da enfermagem na perspectiva de cargas de trabalho

Abstract

The order imposed by the organization of labor according to the capitalist mode of production has led the workers to work at frenetic pace and to the elements that enhance workloads. Public universities are not outside this process of work intensification and the professors-researchers who are very qualified workers and have been experiencing grueling work rhythms in their daily life, considering the specific requirements of composing the Master Degree. The present thesis aimed to analyze the work process of the professors-researchers within the nursing area in two post-graduation courses in public institutions according to the perspective of workloads. This is an essentially qualitative approach, and as a theoretical-methodological reference it was used Laurell and Noriega's theorizing for workloads and Historical and Dialectical Materialism. The sample consisted of 17 permanent professors-researchers who participate in two postgraduate programs at universities in the South of Rio Grande do Sul. A semi-structured interview was used as data collection technique and the research data were submitted to content analysis according to the thematic modality according to the operational steps recommended by Minayo. The main sources of the increased workload were: taking some work to finish it at home, intense work rhythm, monotony and robotization of work, attending with excellence the basis of the university: teaching, research and extension; to meet the requirements of the postgraduate course, evaluation of excessive demand for articles by scientific journals, excessive student orientations for graduation assignments, management positions, competitive, self-conscious and embarrassing work relations, relationship difficulties between the peers and with the management, unequal division of activities among teachers, dissatisfaction with managers, dissatisfaction with the workload, pressure for scientific production, fear and shame of being excluded from the group of post - graduation due to scientific production, lack of appreciation and professional recognition, work beyond forty hours, supervision and collections made by their own peers, managers and postgraduates, precariousness of the environment, inadequate room temperature, deficiency in the physical structure of the university, absence of work tools and their precariousness and lack of space to work. In relation to aspects that minimize the workload, the following were highlighted: relationship with students, work with users / patients and students in health services, transit between different work processes: health and education, to participate and to glimpse the professional and personal growth of a student, to be inside in a university, the dynamicity of the work of a professor, the flexibility in the organization of the work and to like what one does. As damages of this process, professors have pointed out anxieties, anguish, depression, repetitive strain injury, discouragement, stress, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired family relationships, impaired quality of life, impaired sleep and impaired social life. It is noticed that there is no awareness of the damage caused by the work and the teachers end up taking the process of acceleration of the work like normal thing. Professors show that they feel ashamed to get sick or to pause work even when it is necessary and remain themselves in silent and lonely, perpetuating this already institutionalized habit of working excessively. Professors-researchers in nursing are strategic educators for the changes in this veiled process of production within the university, considering that they are health professionals who have always been concerned about the health of the community. It is suggested that more studies to investigate the work process of the professors-researchers be carried out within the Brazilian public universities, with the objective of qualifying the institutional practices, softening the aspects that elevate the workloads and strengthen elements that improve the loads of the professors-researchers.