O impacto da desigualdade de renda no empreendedorismo: uma análise em nível mundial

Abstract

Entrepreneurship are suggested as a potential path for advancement on the socioeconomic scale, particularly for individuals from poorer families. In view of this, this study estimated the impact of income inequality on entrepreneurship, as well as its subdivision by types of entrepreneurship, opportunity and necessity. A database with 92 countries was used for the time period from 2002 to 2013, estimating the results using econometric panel data with fixed effect and spatial panel data with fixed effect, using the Spatial Durbin Model, for the purpose to control the possible effects of spatial spillover and still treat the endogeneity that the dependent and explanatory variables present, because of its reverse causality. Besides identifying a positive and significant effect, the results found show an inflection point, indicating a possible change in the relationship between income inequality and entrepreneurship. Finally, we show the positive and significant effect of income inequality on the two types of entrepreneurship, by opportunity and necessity, but the opportunity entrepreneurship is affected on a larger scale when there is an increase in income inequality. This effect evidences the fact that in situations of high inequality, individuals seek a way out of unemployment or poverty.