Development and Characterization of Cellulose Films Incorporating Vitamin A and E-Loaded Liposomes

Abstract

This study introduces cellulose films enriched with vitamin A/E liposomes as sustainable, bioactive dressings for tattoo aftercare. Morphological analysis showed a smoother, more continuous microtexture than the neat cellulose films, while x-ray diffraction indicated reduced crystallinity upon liposome incorporation. Optically, the liposome–cellulose films combined strong ultraviolet shielding across 300–400 nm with visible transparency. Time-resolved contact-angle measurements placed them between neat cellulose and polyurethane, indicating controlled fluid uptake consistent with a moist, non-occlusive interface. Thermogravimetry revealed a higher peak degradation temperature with only a minimal change in onset. In uniaxial tension, the films reached a peak modulus of 16 GPa and maximum strength of 290 MPa at 50°C temperature, approaching high-performance nanocellulose benchmarks. Together, these results show that liposome–cellulose films integrate UV shielding, tunable wettability, and enhanced thermal-mechanical response, advancing a bio-based alternative to conventional dressings for newly tattooed skin.