Avaliações da cicatrização de feridas abertas tratadas com Bixa orellana L

Abstract

Skin wound healing is a complex process that involves several biological signaling routs in order to restore tissue integrity. Diverse treatment options are available, and they will aid the healing process. Alternatively, medicinal plants are also used, and represent a low cost, easy access option. This study assessed the oil extract of Bixa orellana L. as a healing agent in the rat model of open wound healing. Initially, the oil was obtained and characterized through gas chromatography. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential of the oil was assessed, in culture. For the in vivo assays, 0.1% and 0.01% oil doses were used. Wounds were surgically produced in Wistar rats, these were treated with the oil extract at 0.1% (U 0.1%), 0.01% (U 0.01%), petrol jelly (V) and saline (SF). The animals were assessed at four, seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment. The animals were euthanized at each evaluation date and skin, liver, and kidney samples were harvested. Clinically, the wounds were assessed regarding the presence of crust, exudate, and epithelialization. Photographic records were used to assess the wound area at each date. Tissue samples were processed and evaluated microscopically regarding morphological alterations (kidney and liver), and the healing phase and fibrin collection (skin). At 21 days, the skins were also assessed regarding the tension strength of the healed tissues. Major components of the oil were: ácido linoleico, geranil linalool, ácido palmítico, ácido oleico, ácido esteárico, escaleno e geranil-α-terpinene. Thein vivo essays revealed similar clinical evolution of the wounds, throughout the treatment groups, especially regarding crust and exudate. An earlier onset of epithelialization was observed in the oil treated wounds, when compared to the controls. Likewise, these wound had a faster shrinkage rate by day four. Tension resistance of the oil treated wounds was, however, inferior to that of the controls. Histopathologicaly, no alterations were observed in kidney and liver tissues. The skin samples of oil treated wounds at seven day had more lesions in the inflammatory stage, when compared to the controls, which were majorly in the proliferatory phase. Oil treated wounds also had more fibrin in the first two assessment dates, when compared to the controls. B. orellana L oil, at 0.1% and 0.01%, seems to have hurried the healing process in the first days of treatment, though promoting a final wound capable of resisting lower tension strengths.