Fitorremediação a compostos derivados de petróleo

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) derived from petroleum compounds. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and greenhouse, where the seeds of both species concentrations of 0.0 were exposed; 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3% (v/v) of diesel and then subject to feasibility analysis, strength and activity of hydrolytic enzymes. In a second step, the two species were submitted to contamination by 0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 % (v/v) of diesel oil. Red clover was grown for 112 days and from periodic samples were taken analyzes of growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments content, leaf and root anatomy and analysis of antioxidant enzymes. Cowpea remained in a greenhouse for 60 days for regular reviews of the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments content, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes. For both the beginning and end of the experiment was performed petroleum hydrocarbon analyzer in the cultivation substrate. The results showed higher sensitivity of both the dopant species under controlled conditions, however, the negative effect was observed only at higher concentrations of the toxic compound. The other parameters were influenced differently in the two species, standing out for both the negative effects occurring in the highest concentration of diesel (1.5 % (v/v)) and benefits incurred in lower concentration (0.5 % (v/v)). Therefore, the physiological effects caused allowed the determination of the tolerance limit for red clover plants and cowpea to diesel oil. The efficiency of removal of toxic compounds found in these species permitted confirmation both as phytoremediator of petroleum compounds.