Sexualidade no processo de adolescer: uma abordagem bioecológica

Abstract

The objective of this study was to understand the interaction experienced by the adolescent to the development of sexuality under the bioecological perspective. Methodology: this is a qualitative research, which was designed under the influence of the Psychology of Development in the Bioecological Model of Human Development by Urie Bronfenbrenner, which also made use of Ecological Insertion as methodological framework. The study was performed together with 11 adolescents of both sexes, aging 13 to 15 years old, regularly enrolled in an elementary public school during the afternoon, in Pelotas/RS, properly authorized by their parents or responsible, from June to November 2015. Through focal group technique, dynamics selected from previous material were used as research tools, as well as Relationship Minimum Map. There was also a data collection tool called participant observation and reflexive diary. The Ethnograph® Software was used to code the data in categories previous defined by the theoretical framework and research objectives, which has helped to interpret it. Following to that, the content analysis proceeded. Results: the adolescents conceived the process of becoming an adolescent as childhood shutdown towards transformations that enable the experience of sexuality. On the other hand, this process associated to functional, relational and affective manifestations, this last one related to genital and/or reproduction pleasure. From the conception of adolescents, the process of becoming an adolescent and sexuality restrains to fragmented and restricted approaches to biological aspects, which reproduced shutdown that weak the development. The adolescents interacted to friends, family, school and health services, in this order of relevance. The social network was numerous and multifunctional, with predominance of friends as social support. It was possible to identify some fragilities that came from family, school and health services contexts while welcoming the adolescents. The use of dynamics in focal groups enabled free expression and participation in their own development, and it was pointed out as promoters of interaction among adolescents and the contexts where they participated. In order to diminish the fragilities and potentiate the findings, the social return of this research predicts the execution of activities based on the tripod of learning, research and university extension.