Esporotricose felina e canina em área endêmica: epidemiologia e tratamento

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is an implantation or inoculation mycosis caused by species of Sporothrix schenckii complex, a dimorphic fungus that inhabits mainly decomposingplants. Endemic areas in Brazil have been frequently described, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states, characterizing sporotrichosis as an emergent mycosis with importance for public health due to its zoonotic nature. This work is a retrospective study whose objective was to analyze the Sporothrix spp. growth data found on the Center of Diagnosis and Research in Veterinary Mycology MICVET (UFPel) laboratory records,a reference site for the diagnosis of mycoses in domestic animals in south of the Rio Grande do Sul state, endemic region to this disease. The study analyzed data from 2005 to 2016, and obtained 284 established diagnosis of sporotrichosis in animals, being 55 in dogs (19.37%) and 229 in cats (80.63%). It was observed that 58.87% (n=166) of the total diagnosis in this period occurred in the last four years of the study. The evaluation of these data revealed the male felines as the group withhighest number of the cases (n=175/284), representing 61.62%. Aboutdisease manifestation, it was also the male cats that presented more frequently lesions indisseminated cutaneous form(56.34%; n=160/284). From total of Sporothrix spp. laboratory growth samples (n=284), mostly were referred with clinical suspicion of sporotrichosis (n=233; 82.04%). However, the study warns about the use of medication prior to the laboratory diagnosis, since of the total of the samples, 175 (61.62%) used some therapy at the time of collection of the material, emphasizing that itraconazole was the antifungal of choice, even with increasing cases of failure therapies. However, 51.43% (n=90/175) exclusively used antibiotics prior to the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. It can be concluded that the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul is confirmed as an endemic zone for sporotrichosis, with increasing, especially in the last four years of the study. Male cats continue to be the group with the highest diagnostic frequency and with the most severe lesions. Although the clinician recognizes sporotrichosis, the use of therapies pre and post-confirmation of diagnosis should be further discussed and re-evaluated.