Prevalência de anomalias dentárias, alterações periapicais e pericoronárias em crianças atendidas no serviço de Odontopediatria da UFPel – Pelotas/RS: um estudo radiográfico.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in panoramic radiographic images of children from 5 to 12 years old, through clinical data: the prevalence of dental developmental anomalies and factors associated with hypodontia; the prevalence of premature loss of deciduous teeth and associated factors to it; and the consequences in permanent dentition from both. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed with the medical records of children who had at least one panoramic radiograph in their registers. The exams were digitalized and evaluated by a single calibrated observer who registered the presence of developmental dental anomalies and the premature loss of deciduous teeth. Sociodemographic data, patient’s medical and dental history were also collected. Bivariate analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test to describe the frequencies of developmental abnormalities and premature teeth losses. To evaluate the independent factors associated with both presences of hypodontia and of premature losses, a multivariate analysis was performed by Poisson Regression - estimating the prevalence ratio in 95% confidence intervals, with significance level of 5%. The results showed that the prevalence of abnormalities in the sample of 658 children was 29.9% and the most common alteration was hypodontia. The adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with the presence of hypodontia were white skin color, microdontia and the presence of cleft palate, increasing that frequency, respectively, by 9%, 30% and 64%. The prevalence of premature loss of deciduous teeth was 39.8% among the children, and the second molars were the most common lost teeth (30.2%). The factors associated with premature loss increase were: caries (10%), dental trauma (8%) and male (7%). The first molars inclination, the impaction and acceleration of permanent successors’ eruption were the consequences in the permanent dentition associated with the premature loss of deciduous tooth. Thus, panoramic radiography was recognized as an important complementary examination and its evaluation allowed the identification of dental anomalies in 90.4% of the children, including the effects caused by the premature loss of deciduous teeth in the development of the permanent dentition.