Comportamento alimentar, tempo de tela e cárie dentária em escolares na cidade de Pelotas/RS

Abstract

Currently, there is emerging evidence that social, cultural, economic, and environmental factors play a significant role in caries development in children. Within the multifactorial context, it is possible that lifestyle behavioral patterns influence the occurrence of dental caries. Eating behaviors and habits are a common factor for many disorders, such as obesity and other chronic diseases, including dental caries. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle, including prolonged screen time viewing and low level of physical activity, is considered a major health problem in children in developed and developing countries. In the literature, the relationship between lifestyle behavior patterns and dental caries in schoolchildren was not enough investigated. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to: 1. investigate the relationship between eating behavior, screen time and dental caries in eight years old children in 20 public schools in Pelotas / RS and 2. Through a systematic review of the literature, we searched for studies that investigated the relationship between screen time and diet in children up to 12 years of age. For objective 1, data obtained from a multidisciplinary study entitled "Healthy Childhood in Context". The collection of socioeconomic, demographic, screen time, Children´s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K) answered by parents through structured questionnaires. The children underwent an oral health examination in schools according to World Health Organization criteria. A total of 580 children were evaluated from August 2015 to November 2016. To accomplish the second objective. Data bases MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS were searched in duplicate, from their earliest records up to April 2018. After full text reading of selected studies, nineteen articles were included, all providing crosssectional analysis. The result show that sedentary behavior, especially TV viewing, has proven to be associated with an unhealthy diet in young people, and with increased intake of cariogenic foods. In the epidemiological studies, when evaluating the relationship between screen time and dental caries, the showed that, the prevalence of dental caries was 63% in both primary and permanent dentition, also demonstrated that, dietary pattern mediated the effect of television viewing on dental caries in children. On the other hand, Children with dental caries had lower interest in food and more desire to drink continuously throughout the day than children without caries. The results suggest that the presence of dental caries can be influenced by sedentary behaviors and eating behaviors, such observations should be taken in consideration when planning treatments or public oral health policies