Associação entre depressão e doença periodontal: estudos na Coorte de 1982 em Pelotas.

Abstract

Depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder that can be considered a public health issue. Due to its interaction with the immune system, it has been related to the onset and progression of several clinical conditions, including oral health problems. Some studies have examined a possible association between depression and periodontal diseases. However, there is lack of data originated from population-based birth cohorts, which reduces the recall bias. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between depression and periodontal diseases in the forth decade of life of individuals enrolled in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort, Southern Brazil. Individuals enrolled in the cohort study have been followed and interviewed in several occasions during lifetime. Interviews covered issues on socioeconomic condition, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and health conditions. Additionally, oral health examinations have been conducted. The oral health status of 539 individuals was investigated in 2013. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to establish the diagnosis of major depression (MD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms. Periodontal disease was accessed thorough full mouth examinations following the criteria proposed by the American Academy of Periodontology (2012) and by Bealum & López (2012). To investigate the association, multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were used. Individuals with moderate/severe depressive symptoms presented higher prevalence of any periodontitis than individuals with no depressive symptoms (PR 1.46; 95%CI 1.06-2.00). An association between moderate/severe periodontitis and moderate/severe depressive symptoms was also observed (PR 3.29; 95%CI 1.38-7.84). Moreover, individuals with moderate/severe depressive symptoms presented higher prevalence of unfavorable periodontal outcomes (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.22-3.29). However, there was no significant association between major depression and periodontal diseases. In conclusion, major depressive symptoms were associated with periodontal diseases in the studied population.