Atividade antibacteriana e propriedades físicoquímicas de um novo material obturador endodôntico resinoso contendo óleos naturais de Butiá ou Copaíba.

Abstract

The aim of this study was the development of a dual resin-containing endodontic cement containing phytotherapics that presents antibacterial and non-cytotoxic effect, maintaining good physico-chemical characteristics. The research was carried out with 8 groups: Experimental sealer with 0.5% butia oil (B0.5), with 1% (B1), with 2% (B2), with 0.5% copaiba oil (C0.5), 1% (C1) e com 2% (C2), experimental sealer without oils (ME) and the trademark RealSeal™ (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) (RS) and it was divided into two studies: 1) characterization of the resin sealer and increase of the butia and copaiba oils with evaluation of their antibacterial capacity and their cytotoxicity according to the modified direct contact (TCD) tests after 1h, 12h and 24h and cell viability respectively; (2) evaluation of its physicochemical performance by tests of conversion degree, film thickness, setting time, flow, radiopacity all according to ISO 6876 (2001) and water sorption and solubility in accordance with ISO 4049. The results of TCD-1, ME, C0.5, C2 and RS were statistically similar; The other groups had a higher proliferation of bacteria. In TCD-12, C2 presented higher antibacterial effect than the other experimental groups tested. In TCD-24 all experimental groups were equivalent, presenting lower antibacterial activity. For cytotoxicity, ME and C2 showed statistically similar cell viability to the control group (p = 0.003). For groups containing copaiba oil, ME, C1 and C2 were similar to the untreated group, and RS showed lower cell viability (p = 0.003). For the physicochemical tests, the results presented were: for GC, there was a greater conversion of monomers into polymers for the experimental groups containing natural oils when compared to RS. For EP, the groups containing butia oil had a statistically similar value (p = 0.303). The groups containing copaiba oil showed that C2 presented higher value than ME and RS (p = 0.001). Regarding setting time, all groups were statistically similars. For flow, the ones with the highest result were B1 and C1. B0.5 and all copaiba groups presented the lowest sorption of water and ME B0.5 and B1 had the lowest solubility in water. For radiopacity, B2 presented the lowest values, followed by the other experimental ones and RS, which was the most radiopaque. Sealer containing copaiba oil at all concentrations showed similar and lower radiopacity than RS. It was concluded that all the groups incorporating the natural oils decreased the antibacterial growth and presented reduction of the cytotoxicity when compared to RS, guaranteeing the physico-chemical properties necessary for root canal sealer. However, copaiba presented the best antibacterial results with the C2 group after 1 and 12h, showing the most promising formulation for this purpose.