Impacto da doença mental em adolescentes grávidas e as repercussões na saúde bucal dos filhos na infância

Abstract

Childhood caries is a public health problem that affects infants and preschoolers throughout the world. Currently, early childhood caries is defined as the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. There is evidence that determinants, cultural, economic, environmental, psychological and behavioral may be risk factors for early childhood caries. This cross sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, a city in Southern of Brazil, nested in a cohort of adolescent mothers, starting during their pregnancy and treated in the public health care system. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and psychiatric disorders with early childhood caries; determine the influence of maternal factors in children oral health. The data collecting about socioeconomic and demographic status and oral health habits was carried out through an interview, psychiatric disorders was collected through MINI - PLUS interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric) and stressful events was evaluated through the Life Events Scale. The mothers and children clinical dental examination was carried out following the World Health Organization criteria. Childhood caries occurrence was determined when at least one cavitated surface was detected. In total 538 dyads of mothers/children were evaluated from June 2012 to February 2014. In relationship between psychosocial factors and psychiatric disorders with early childhood caries, major depressive disorder and stressful events – loss of social support associate with childhood caries (p = 0.040 e p = 0.042 respectively) and stressful events - problems at work was protective for the childhood caries. The mothers presenting decayed teeth and gingival bleeding was statistically significant associate with childhood caries (p = 0.017 and p = 0.045, respectively) and the highest tertile of family income was protective (p = 0.014). Oral health mothers selfcare guidelines is necessary to restore the maternal oral health and prevent early childhood caries in children. The results suggest that mothers with depression disorder, stressful events in work and oral health problems deserve increased attention as the prevention of children.