Elementos metodológicos na dinâmica de configuração de aglomerações da indústria de transformação no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

This work aimed to contribute to the improvement of pathways for identification and analysis of agglomerations in the manufacturing industry of Rio Grande do Sul in two periods, 2002 and 2011, using for such a standardized Concentration Index (Icn) methodology. Also we used a specific technique of spatial econometrics (LISA) to detect the presence or absence of spatial autocorrelation of productive specialization of the clusters in the state, seeking to ascertain possible "spillover" between agglomerations. Besides the question of methods, the study sought to evaluate the actions of public policies for APLs in the last three administrations of the state government, 1999-2010, and an analysis and projection of policies to support the same current administration (2011-2014), bounded to a broader industrial policy to support strategic sectors of the economy, the coordination of cross-cutting actions to generate local economic externalities and combating regional inequalities. In methodological issue, the findings contribute significantly to the literature related to clusters and ratify it as well as traditional methods QL and GL, ICn is a method that is adequate for studies that use dense database, aiming to identify the regional and sectoral concentration of clusters established, however, as expected, fails to capture the complexity of the structural differences of the territories, as well as evaluating their dynamic elements such as potential and relations between firms and institutions. This study analyzed 11 sectors that make up the manufacturing industry of Rio Grande do Sul for the years 2002 and 2011. It can be noticed that most of these sectors did not change significantly in relation to agglomerations indicative of changing or adding, mostly just a micro-region during the period. Noteworthy are the exceptions that were the case the leather-footwear industry with a significant change and textile, rubber and automotive manufacturing, which kept their agglomerations unchanged throughout the period. Regarding public policy, although the focus changes and / or emphasis in all three terms of government 1999-2010 there were important advances in the development of clusters in the state. In the current administration, 2011-2014, although under risk, there is a change of attitude towards advancing a traditional approach based on regional policies to correct possible imbalances, to another, which emphasizes above all the ability to boost development in each territorial scope. This view assumes, in essence abandoning the logic of the subsidy, the stimulation of entrepreneurial actions. Such signs pointing to the "selforganization" of local economic agents, given that two thirds of APLs framed for support, are in regions with IDESE - Block Income (FEE) below average, which in turn have historically revealed difficulties in working cooperatively.