A filosofia do Espírito Livre em Nietzsche: tensões, rupturas e inovações.

Abstract

This study intends to analyze the Nietzsche’s philosophy of the free spirit. We’ll research the development of this kind of superior human being, as a way to overcome all dogmatism types. The approach will be taken from the origin: from the rupture with his old teachers and all the things he used to venerate, to the latest ideas of Beyond Good and Evil and the 1886’s forewords, and analyzing the different formulations of the free spirit. In this sense, it’s necessary to investigate how it works the process of rupture that takes the spirit to freedom. The historical philosophy and the science both play a major role by giving the necessary tools and discipline to break up with the illusions of the metaphysics. As an example, we’ll approach the free spirit as relative concept, an opposition to the captive spirit. We’ll study how Nietzsche starts to see the life as an experience of those who knows. The German philosopher announces the God’s death, which opens endless possibilities of experimentation. So, it’s very important to approach how God’s death is deeply related with the philosophy of the free spirit, observing that the three spirit transmutations metaphor has an important role, in particular the second metaphor, about the change of the camel to a lion. The attitude change by “you should” (camel) to “I want” (lion) is still a negative freedom, but important for the way to creation. Ultimately, we’ll study the last free spirit’s formulations, approaching their relation with the will to power theme. In this period of Nietzsche’s ideas, the perspectivism is very important because there are no more facts, just interpretations. Everything in the world is will to power, in this sense the value of things exists only on interpretation. We’ll see if the free spirit can accomplish the moral overcoming and the job of create new values.