O suposto antagonismo entre liberdade e determinismo em Nietzsche: o traço estoico do compatibilismo nietzschiano.

Abstract

The present work consists in a immanent analysis of Friedrich Nietzsche’s thinking, delimited to the period that goes from 1885 to 1889, including published works and posthumous fragments. The core of this analysis is the antagonism between freedom and determinism, a dual strategy will be used to resolve it. Initially it will take place a confrontation of the preliminary issues to the free will problem, which mainly are cosmology, determinism and subjectivity. The second point of the proposed strategy is to perform a comparative analysis between Nietzsche’s position on the issue and the compatibilist position adopted in the Hellenistic school of stoicism. The proximity of these two answers to the free will problem turns the stoic compatibilism, which has his arguments strengthen by centuries of debate with efficient critics, into a guide to the comprehension of Nietzsche’s answer. Notwithstanding this research aims towards the verification of two hypothesis. The first is to affirm that Nietzsche defends a compatibilism, in which both freedom and determinism are posed, this will be performed by analyzing exclusively Nietzsche’s philosophy. And the second is to propose that Nietzsche’s answer is formally similar to the stoic answer and will be done through a comparative analysis.