Os princípios Filosóficos da Revolução Social na obra do Jovem Marx: considerações sobre a fundação ética do pensamento marxista

Abstract

This master's thesis investigates the contribution of Marx, specifically the young Marx, for understanding how the internal laws of bourgeois society are articulated in the social totality, preventing the realization of human dignity. For this, the work takes as a guideline the idea of social revolution, systematizing the philosophical principles that enable knowledge of its structure. The objective, therefore, not is describe the concept but the internal structure of the concept, that is, all that compose it. Finally, as a synthesis of the previous chapters, the dissertation explores the relationship between Marxism and ethics. For this, the work is divided into five parts. First, we present the theoretical influences and the intellectual journey that takes Marx's left of Hegelianism to historical materialism. Also in the first chapter, we present five topics about the Marxist method in an attempt to clarify the theoretical assumptions underlying the implementation of the work. In the second chapter, we explored the characteristics of "Marxian concept of man”. Then, to the analyze the phenomenon of alienation in work of the author, we seek describe the way in which Marx performs an assessment of the social arrangements within capitalism, based on the idea that, under capitalist conditions of production, human flourishing is hindered. In the last two chapters, we will relate the ideas of human emancipation, revolution and ethics. Thus, we intend to demonstrate that the meaning and the essence of the revolution, in Marx, is guided by a philosophical motivation, which refers to the full realization of human faculties - materially and spiritually. Thus, it is concluded that: a) Marx offers a moral evaluation criterion by which to judge the social arrangements and provide criteria for the development of new social arrangements; b) the central core of juvenile writings of Marx concerns the attempt to decipher how the capitalist society prevents the realization of human dignity; c) to Marx, the transformation of socioeconomic metabolism of capitalism is object of a moral imperative, because are a disagreement between its laws and human dignity; d) Communism can be considered a normative evaluation parameter of social arrangements.