Estética da existência em Michel Foucault: a formação ética através de uma ascética filosófica.

Abstract

This research enphasises the displacement of the third axis of Michel Foucalt‟s thought the gorvernmentality and the ethics. Stand out, in that period, the importance of thinking new ways of life, which try to limit the excesses of the political power. In that sense, the formulation of an ethic of self as philosophical ascesis appears indispensable. The hipotesis of this research is the way by that Michel Foucault, in his last lectures, The Courage of truth, stresses the cynical parrhesia as a kind of a real philosophical life, which by the clash and struggle takes as the starting point for the construction of an “other life” the political resistance. The cynical parrhesia, as practice of the care of self, exposes the life as a scandal of truth and it is considered that the beginning for the construction of anaesthetics of the existence. In The Courage of truth, Foucault assigned a singular and positice sense to the cynicism, heightened a philosophy considered “lesser” to an attitude, which can trace its history from antiquity to the present day. That perspective enphasises once more the intent of the author in the creation of another history, highlighting the main points precisely where they are not seen, sometimes because they are marginalized in the occidental tought, anothers for they have been simply suppressed from philosophical tought. That way, chose the cynic as a critical philosopher par excellence and artificer of the principles of his life is not coincidence, but a propositive choice. That meaning it‟s explored in the text in an affirmative way with regard to the cynical parrhesia as an approach to limit the power and its analogy with the present, by the political resistance and the search for an aesthetics of the existence.