Hannah Arendt: desobediência civil e liberdade.

Abstract

The present investigation has the aim of analyzing the civil disobedience in Hannah Arendt (1906-1975), based on her theory, which claims the politics as a human organizer, that dispenses violence, searching for understanding how she bases politics in a modal of Constitutional State, where the individual rights are guaranteed and places of liberty are extended, allowing the citizens to participate on the government management. Among Arendt works, were examined: Crisis of the Republic, On Revolution, Between Past and Future, The Human Condition, Eichmann in Jerusalem, specially, and were also consulted works on the author by different commentators that helped to elucidate some related concepts. In this context, the method that was more adequate to the investigation was the analytic, descriptively exposing the contents, making easier its chaining and comprehension. According to her, the juridical ordering must establish conditions that allow the right diverge, since liberty and individual rights, legally guaranteed, are in threat. Thus, the civil disobedience, as an expression of the “right resistance”, doesn’t need a law to guarantee it, once it is a way to guarantee the citizens’ rights, a moment when the Legal System can be understood as a mechanism that allows the effectiveness of these changes, where the civil disobedience can be the best possible ‘medicine” for the lack on the Legal Review. Arendt makes difference between power and violence, claiming that violence is characterized by its instrumental character, that multiplies the individual potential. Power appears when the human beings are acting in set and with common objectives and opinion. When there is power, there is a relation that leads to a common will formation, aiming to an accordance obtaining. Thus, to Arendt, power is never attributed to a singular person, once it is a result of the capaciity of acting in plural, in a set, and it only exists while it is in a group. To her, staring that violence and power are not synonymous is not enough, once they contradict themselves and, when one of them dominates, the other is absent. To Arendt, civil disobedience dispenses violence and can be used as an important tool to citizenship maintenance, taking in consideration that belongs to the citizen the discussion, the search for solutions and actions in group to change unfavorable situations that effect the lives of all individuals in a group, direct or indirectly, and they need a public intervention, once it reverberates on the political community life. The use of this “tool” becomes important in the denominated “representative crisis” context to the necessary changes promotion and realization, to liberty preservation, human dignity and humanity itself.