Cor e habitação: um estudo dos aspectos cromáticos das fachadas de conjuntos habitacionais da cidade de Pelotas-RS.

Abstract

This study explored the chromatic aspects of the housing complex facades, with the Environmental Perception area approach. The main objective was to investigate the chromatic character of the residential buildings facades that affect the aesthetic quality of the housing complex and, therefore, the urban environmental quality. The theme was otherwise focused in the housing complexes by the importance of the social housing, by the increase of this type of constructions, and by the low formal composition in which they are built. The case study was performed in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which has an expressive number of this kind of buildings. The investigation, undertook in two steps, sought these goals: 1ªst step- Identify and analyze the main physical and chromatic characteristics of the housing complex existing facades; 2ndª step- Reveal the important factors in the evaluation of the existing housing complex relative to preference/satisfaction of the formal and symbolic attributes by study of the chromatic and structure typologies. The steps were accompanied by specific methods and techniques for each proposed objective: 1ªst step- File and field survey and data analysis; 2ndª step- Questionnaire with visual material (as data collection) and non-parametric statistical tests for data analysis. The 1ªst step covered a survey realized in loco in the 95 housing complexes existing in the city of Pelotas, each one built from 1956 to 2008. The surveys made possible cataloging them in chromatic chips by the physical and chromatic characteristics of each complex. In addition, four distinct surveys and analyses were performed, elaborating a large database. The 2ndª step- evaluated the perception of the residents regarding formal and chromatic aspects of three housing complexes selected within the overall sample. The results made possible to ascertain the current situation of the housing complex’s buildings, confronting users’ perception and literature. It was possible to understand how residents perceived the buildings as per the formal and chromatic reality -used on the facades of these buildings. The results show that: in terms of hue, there’s preference in the range of cool colors, emphasizing the color green, as opposed to what currently prevails on the housing complex: warm colors. In the types of chromatic distribution evaluation, the paintings are preferred by the elements in relief (in vertical stripes or mixed). This thesis provides a comprehensive database, a theoretical framework and qualitative methodology for studies focusing in the area of environment perception; it also, offers guidelines for chromatic studies and planning.