A educação para a responsabilidade moral e sua dimensão política em Aristóteles.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explain the education role into the virtues formation from two fundamental dimensions in Aristotle: the ethic and the politics. Based on a genesis analysis of the city that initially appears to serve the life needs, but which also serves to another reason – the good living -, we observed that, through its education and its laws, the city supports and leads the individual morality contributing to the nature moral formation of each person. This way, it is considered as assumption on the effectuation of moral life. If the aim of human life is the good living, the happiness (eudaimonia), and if this is only possible through the community mode, so there would be the necessity of individual preparation regarding to the life in the political society. The current study tries to clarify how the principle of forming habits, in harmony with the virtue, has great importance in order to understand the relation between virtue and education. Therefore, Aristotle emphasizes the importance of the beginning, to form good habits since the beginning of our lives. The habit must be the main form to educate the individual in the virtue practice because there are not predetermined rules regarding how a virtuous person must act. And finally, the moral act does not depend on the habit only, but also on the reason persuasion. The individual, even being psychologically determined by his habits, to act in a certain way, in the moment of action this one can choose to act differently. It is this practical sense that the philosopher needs to suppose in each action of the individual in order to attribute the moral responsibility of his acts.