Eficiência energética em edifícios públicos no Sul do Brasil: aplicação do método do RTQ-C em obras licitadas pelas IFES.

Abstract

The specific regulations that act on the bidding process of public buildings have several recommendations to the public manager. Among these recommendations, there are orientations for government contracts that must consider sustainability and energy efficiency throughout the drafting of building designs, in the instructions for the purchase of new equipment, and also the choosing of the most profitable offer from a bidder within a bidding. Therefore, it is tangible the concern from the Public Administration in mitigating energy misuse in public government buildings. Recently, the Normative Instruction 02/2014, of the Ministry of Planning, Development and Management, was added to the array of those regulations, which establishes that public government buildings designs and retrofits within more than five hundred square meters, must be drafted having the National Label of Design Energy Conservation grade A as a goal, according to the methodology of the Technical Standards for the Quality of Commercial, Services and Public Buildings (RTQ-C). The main objective of this research is, ergo, to verify if the energy efficiency level in classroom buildings, which were bidden by Federal Institutions of Higher Learning (IFES, in Portuguese), meet the resolutions of the NI 02/2014 and, if not, which modifications are required so the buildings are able to meet the requirements for the grade A label of energy efficiency. Ten different buildings, which were bidden by four different IFES in Rio Grande do Sul, were analyzed, all of them naturally ventilated. The methodology of this study fathoms the following steps: literature review concerning the regulations in public buildings in Brazil and assessment of the energy efficiency in public buildings; procurement of the bidding notices via Portal de Compras Governamentais; characterization of the biddings and the designs; verification of the efficiency grade of each design through analysis of the percentage of occupied hours in thermal comfort (POC) and through the application of the RTQ-C methodology of simulation and analysis of the illumination system via the prescriptive method utilizing the building area method; and the estimation of the bonus granted by the confirmed economy in water expenditure. The results show that, even though the analyzed biddings had not yet requested the design labeling, 60% of them were able to meet the highest grade of energy efficiency, complying with the Normative Instruction. This study also ascertained that given that the envelope conditions are adequate, small modification such as exchanging the current fluorescent light tubes for equivalent LED lights and dual flush toilets are enough for the designs to reach the grade A label in efficiency.