O republicanismo maquiaveliano: a importância dos tribunos da plebe para a política.

Abstract

The present investigation deals with the political thought of Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), in the books The Prince and The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy, from the hypothesis that the Republican government benefits the population when there is a mixed government. To this end, the story is considered an important source of teachings, especially the period of the Roman Republic (510 BC - 27 BC). In this context, the division of political power - the politeia mixes - with an emphasis on popular participation in policy deliberations through the imposition of a specific position: The Tribunes of the Plebs (in 493 BC). The meanings of Cicero, in his book The Republic, influenced the Florentine author considerations on this model of government. In this way, demonstrates the interpretation of Machiavelli on the use of history as epistemological base; his proposal for objective analysis of political reality - the verittà efetualle -, the foundation or the reform of a state; the relevance of the republican government; and the individual boldness – the virtù -, in the face of human weightlessness over all things – the fortune. Finally, we can see compatibilities and the distinctions between thought of Machiavelli approaching the communitarianism of the 20th century, especially, the meanings of Alasdair MacIntyre about a political community based on the search for the common good. In other words, the actuality of the first and a contemporary considerations with regard to questions about life in community, a political concern that runs through the centuries and the human minds.