Liberdade, responsabilidade e sustentabilidade: Uma abordagem filosófica a partir da teoria de Amartya Sen.

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the concepts of individual freedom, moral responsibility, the sustainability of life on Earth and the overlapping of the three concepts in Amartya Sen's theory of justice. It is also a propaedeutic to the study of ethics, justice and political theory, in the vast literary work of Sen, as well as a proposal of new values for the 21st century citizen, conscious of living in a plural world, willing to go beyond the reduced compartment of the self- interest in moral evaluation. The plurality of people in democracy and in the process of public reason points to ways to: the conquest and guarantee of rights, the formation of fair institutions and the correct allocation of resources of the state, aiming the improvement of people's capacities and human and social development. The valorization of the plurality of people in the democratic argumentation and in the process of public reason points out ways for the conquest and guarantee of rights, the formation of just institutions and the correct destination of the resources of the state. Aiming not only the improvement of its peoples‘ capacities, skills and competences and but also human and social development. Written in three interdependent chapters, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the arguments used by the author to give humans some moral responsibility regarding the nature. The answer is in the article ―Why should we preserve the spotted owl?‖ In this small and intriguing script, Sen clearly presents what is then included in ―The Idea of Justice‖, the Buddhist argument of asymmetrical responsibility, which gives human beings a proportionate responsibility to their relation of power and their own actions, and consequently, in its relationship with other people, and with the environmental, asymmetrically devoid of reflective capacity. In this way, it reiterates the fundamental human search for values that respond to the urgent need for care and moderation in the task of preserving natural species and opting for a model of development where freedom is detachable and priorious in its moral and substantive dimension.