Panorama da prevalência de doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado no Rio Grande do Sul e sua correlação com indicadores de saneamento

Abstract

The operational sanitation infrastructures are composed of water supply, sewage, solid waste, and rainwater drainage services. The lack or inefficiency of these functions leads to damages to the quality of life of the population, including favoring the occurrence of certain diseases, which are classified as Inadequate Environmental Sanitation Related Diseases (IESRD), as they are associated with water, excreta, and some vectors. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify if there is an association between the sanitation conditions of the municipalities and the prevalence of hospitalizations due to the diseases related to the sanitation deficiency in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Secondary data from the Unified Health System (SUS) for hospital admissions and the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) and Basic Assistance Information System (SIAB) were considered for indicators of sanitation in the municipalities. A descriptive analysis of admissions for IESRD by groups of municipalities was carried out, according to their population, considering all municipalities in the state for the year 2010. Subsequently, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed, with data from 2003 to 2015, through sanitation indicators with hospital admissions in some municipalities in the state. The results showed that hospitalizations for IESRD in the Rio Grande do Sul decreased between 1998 and 2018. However, 427,323 hospitalizations due to DRSAI in the state were reported in the same period and that, among the group's diseases, diarrhea is the most frequent, representing 93.7% of the total. Correlation analyzes showed that there is evidence that sanitation influences the behavior of hospitalization rates since significant results were found (p<0.05). Most of the correlations were inversely proportional between the sanitation indicators and the rates of hospitalizations for DRSAI, indicating that increases in sanitation infrastructures can reduce the involvement of DRSAI. Thus, the importance of investments in the sanitation sectors is emphasized, in addition to the intensification of preventive health to prevent the spread of the diseases evaluated here.