Bactérias relevantes em saúde única isoladas de animais silvestres e domésticos: similaridade molecular e resistência a antimicrobianos

Abstract

Data on wild animals carrying and spreading bacteria are scarce due to the difficulty of obtaining samples. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of bacteria carried by these animals in one health. In this study, the objective was to determine the occurrence of these bacteria in feces of wild birds, predominantly passerine, free-living and domestic animals of the same farm, wild animals in rehabilitation, for different causes, and bats that inhabit building as well as to analyze characteristics of the isolates. In the first study, samples of free-living wild birds’ feces and up to five specimens of each domestic species were collected on a pluriactive farm. In the second, samples of animals received at a wildlife rehabilitation center were collected. In the third, bats were sampled, of species that inhabit buildings from different roost in the region of the Campus Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Investigation were carried out for S. aureus, Y. enterocolirtica, Salmonella and Campylobacter (only for animals undergoing rehabilitation), by conventional microbiological techniques followed by PCR confirmation, resistance test to cefoxitin from S. aureus isolates, biofilm formation (S aureus isolated from animals under rehabilitation), search for enterotoxigenic genes (S. aureus isolated from animal of the farms) and comparison of the molecular profiles (isolates S. aureus obtained from the farms and bats and Y. enterocolitica obtained from bats) by rep- PCR. The total percentage of samples from which isolates were obtained was13.2% (93/703). S. aureus was present in 7.5% (12/160) of domestic animals and in 11.4% (62/543) of wild animals. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated from 3.7% (6/160) of domestic animals and 8.8% (48/543) from wild animals. We highlight the species Sicalis flaveola, Turdus rufiventris, Furnarius rufus, Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus, Histiotus velatus and a great diversity of animal species in the rehabilitation center that hosted MRSA. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 2.4% (17/703) of the animals, Salmonella from 0.3% (2/703) and Campylobacter from 0.3% (1/324). Of the S. aureus obtained from animals on the farms 35.3% (6/17) had some enterotoxigenic gene. Of 40 isolates obtained from wild animals in rehabilitation identified as S. aureus, 72.5% were able to form biofilm. Indistinguishable and closely related isolates were found in domestic and wild animals in the same property. Strains indistinguishable by rep-PCR also indicated that there is intra and interspecific transmission of S. aureus between bats and roosts. Domestic and wild animals host important bacteria in one health, highlighting their role as reservoirs of MRSA, and can even eliminate these microorganisms in the feces, constituting a potential source of contamination for the environment, other animals and even for the human. Considering the variety ofspecies, which may be carriers of these bacteria, it is necessary that hygienic-sanitary measures be adopted, such as adequate animal management and periodic disinfection of environments, be adopted in order to minimize the possibility of transmission of these microorganisms and decrease the risk of infection.