Efeitos de um programa de iniciação esportiva generalizada nas habilidades fundamentais de escolares

Abstract

The initial objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a sports initiation project on motor development and physical fitness levels of children aged six and seven. 63 students of both sexes aged between six and seven years participated in the study, divided into three groups: 23 students in the intervention group (IG); 20 schoolchildren in the control group (CG), belonging to two public schools in the state of Pelotas / RS and 20 schoolchildren in a comparison group with Physical Education classes (GCEF) from a school in the public school in Pelotas. To assess fundamental skills, the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was applied. To analyze physical fitness, the test battery Projeto Esporte Brasil was applied. Due to the non-fulfillment of one of the inclusion criteria, the GCEF was excluded from the study. In addition, it was necessary to change the objective of the study due to the strike of civil servants in a state education. Thus, the final objective was to investigate whether a generalized sports practice promotes the development of fundamental skills in students aged six and seven enrolled in public education. The sample consisted of 22 students: 10 students (IG) and 12 students (CG). Fundamental skills were assessed before and after intervention. The intervention was carried out in 11 weeks, the methodological proposal was based on the Universal Sports Initiation. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA (2 grups X 2 tests) was used with repeated measures in the second factor. For the intergroup comparison of the delta (difference between the pre-test and the post-test) Student's t-test for independent samples was used. The data werecomputed and analyzed using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 and the significance level of 5% (p≤0,05) was adopted. Descriptive analyzes indicated that in the pre-test, students from both groups were below average, poor and very poor. After the intervention, in the post-test, the IG was associated with the category on average and the CG in the poor category. As for the differences between the pre and post-test of the groups in the fundamental skills, a significant difference was observed in the delta for the gross locomotion score in which the GI presented superior performance (p <0,0001), the effect size shows that 0,63 can be attributed to the impact of the intervention, while no significant difference was observed between groups in the delta of the gross object control score (p <0,217), with an effect size of 0,29. In this sense, it is concluded that a generalized sports practice contributed to the development of the fundamental motor skills of locomotion and general motor performance of the children participating in the project.